Apache-2.2.32安装配置
Apache-2.2.32安装配置
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一、Apache服务安装
1.创建目录，下载Apache源码包
[root@apache ~]# mkdir/home/wangning/tools -p
[root@apache ~]# cd/home/wangning/tools
[root@apache tools]# wgethttp://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
2.解压，安装Apache
[root@apache tools]# tar zxvfhttpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@apache tools]# cdhttpd-2.2.32
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]# yum-y install zlib zlib-devel ###安装zlib依赖包
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#./configure --prefix=/application/apache2.2.32 --enable-deflate --enable-expires--enable-headers --enable-modules=most --enable-so --with-mpm=worker--enable-rewrite
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#make
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#make install
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]# ln-s /application/apache2.2.32//application/apache
3.检查语法，启动Apache服务，两种启动方法
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl start ###启动Apache服务
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get()failed for apache（报错1）
httpd: Could not reliablydetermine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 forServerName（报错2）
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#/application/apache/bin/httpd -k start ###启动Apache服务
在hosts文件里添加×××部分，报错1消除
[root@apache ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.20 apache
在配置文件里添加×××部分，报错2消除
[root@apache ~]# grepServerName /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf
# ServerName gives the name andport that the server uses to identify itself.
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
4.检查Apache服务是否正常启动
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#lsof -i:80
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]# ps-ef|grep httpd
[root@apache httpd-2.2.32]#curl 127.0.0.1 ###测试浏览器是否可以访问
Itworks!
二、Apache服务器的首页，结构目录和虚拟主机配置
1.默认首页所在的目录，默认首页为index.html
[root@apache htdocs]# pwd
/application/apache/htdocs
2.修改默认首页为wangning.html，×××为增加的内容
[root@apache conf]# grepDirectoryIndex /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf
# DirectoryIndex: sets the filethat Apache will serve if a directory
DirectoryIndex wangning.html index.html
[root@apache htdocs]# touch/application/apache/htdocs/wangning.html
[root@apache htdocs]# echo"www.wangning.com" >/application/apache/htdocs/wangning.html
[root@apache htdocs]# ls/application/apache/htdocs
index.html wangning.html
[root@apache htdocs]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
[root@apache htdocs]# /application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@apache htdocs]# curl10.0.0.20 ###测试修改首页成功
www.wangning.com
3.当默认首页不存在的时候，Apache服务默认会在浏览器页面显示目录结构
[root@apache htdocs]# cd/application/apache/htdocs/
[root@apache htdocs]# mv index.htmlindex.html.bak
在浏览器中输入Apache服务器地址，默认是显示目录结构的
在配置文件中Indexes前面加上一个减号，或者将 Indexex删掉，就不显示目录结构了
[root@apache htdocs]# grep -B 13"Options Indexes FollowSymLinks" /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf
#
# Possible values for the Options directiveare "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must benamed *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicatedand important. Please see
#http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
[root@apache htdocs]# /application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
[root@apache htdocs]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
这样就不显示目录结构了
4.配置Apache服务器的虚拟主机（基于域名、端口号、ip）
1) 基本信息如下
域名 | 站点目录 |
www.wangning.com | /var/html/www |
bbs.wangning.com | /var/html/bbs |
blog.wangning.com | /var/html/blog |
2）创建站点目录
[root@apache /]# mkdir/var/html/{www,bbs,blog} -p
[root@apache /]# for n in wwwbbs blog;do echo "http://$n.wangning.com">/var/html/$n/index.html;done ###在这三个目录里分别创建一个index.html文件，并写入三个网址
[root@apache /]# for n in wwwbbs blog;do cat /var/html/$n/index.html;done
http://www.wangning.com
http://bbs.wangning.com
http://blog.wangning.com
3）在虚拟主机配置文件末尾增加以下内容，并把文件里两个默认的虚拟主机样例删掉
[root@apache /]# cat/application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
ServerName www.wangning.com
ServerAlias wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/www-access_log"common
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/bbs"
ServerName bbs.wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/bbs-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/bbs-access_log"common
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"
ServerName blog.wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log"common
4）配置Apache的主配置文件httpd.conf，将×××部分内容前的注释符井号去掉
[root@apache /]# egrep -C 1 "Virtualhosts|httpd-mpm.conf" /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf
# Server-pool management (MPMspecific)
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
--
# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
在Apache主配置文件httpd.conf末尾添加如下内容
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
[root@apache /]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
[root@apache /]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
5）配置Linux和windows本地hosts文件
linux的hosts文件
[root@apache /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.20 apache
10.0.0.20 www.wangning.com bbs.wangning.com blog.wangning.com
Windows的C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件
# localhost name resolution ishandled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
10.0.0.20 www.wangning.com bbs.wangning.comblog.wangning.com
6）最后在windows的浏览器里分别访问三个域名，大功告成了^*^
三、Apache服务器的日志格式配置
1.日志格式分为两种：
通用日志格式（CommonLog Format）
组合日志格式（CombinedLog Format）
默认是通用格式，一般工作中习惯用组合日志
2.设置三台虚拟主机的日志格式为组合模式
将httpd-vhosts.conf中common都改为combined即可
[root@apache ~]# cat /application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"
ServerName www.wangning.com
ServerAlias wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/www-access_log" combined
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/bbs"
ServerName bbs.wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/bbs-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/bbs-access_log" combined
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"
ServerName blog.wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" combined
四、Apache服务器的日志轮询配置
1.Apache日志轮询工具有两种，一种是Apache自带的轮询工具rotatelog，另一种是第三方日志轮询工具cronolog。一般工作中采用第三方工具cronolog，Apache自带的rotatelog工具之前有过丢日志的情况，所以就一直延续用第三方cronolog日志工具
2.下载并编译安装日志轮询cronolog工具
[root@apache tools]# wgethttp://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@apache tools]# tar zxvfcronolog-1.6.2.tar.g
[root@apache tools]# cdcronolog-1.6.2
[root@apache cronolog-1.6.2]#./configure
[root@apache cronolog-1.6.2]#make
[root@apache cronolog-1.6.2]#make install
安装完后会生成一个cronolog命令
[root@apache cronolog-1.6.2]#ls /usr/local/sbin/cronolog
/usr/local/sbin/cronolog
3.配置httpd-vhosts.conf文件，以blog.wangning.com虚拟主机为例配置，让access_log日志轮询（注意日志路径要写绝对路径）
[root@apache /]# cat/application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
ServerAdmin 1198143315@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"
ServerName blog.wangning.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronologapp/logs/blog-access_%Y%m%d.log" combined
[root@apache /]# ls /app/logs/ ###显示配置成功
blog-access_20170528.log blog-access_20170627.log
五、Apache服务器的版本号隐藏配置
1.将full改为Prod，on改为off
[root@apache ~]# egrep"ServerTokens|ServerSignature" /application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
# ServerTokens
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature off
2.将×××那行前的注释符井号去掉
[root@apache ~]# grep "Includeconf/extra/httpd-default.conf" /application/apache2.2.32/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
3.检查语法，重新加载Apache服务，测试已无版本号了
[root@apache ~]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
[root@apache ~]#/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@apache ~]# curl -Iwww.wangning.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 27 Jun 2017 14:24:45GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Sat, 27 May 201715:52:29 GMT
ETag:"82fa4-18-5508370f3e458"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 24
Content-Type: text/html
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