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使用 python 代码收集主机的系统信息，主要：主机名称、IP、系统版本、服务器厂商、型号、序列号、CPU信息、内存等系统信息。

代码开始：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8

'''
收集主机的信息：
主机名称、IP、系统版本、服务器厂商、型号、序列号、CPU信息、内存信息
'''

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os,sys

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
def getIfconfig():
    p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data

''' 获取 dmidecode 命令的输出 '''
def getDmi():
    p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = PIPE)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data

''' 根据空行分段落 返回段落列表'''
def parseData(data):
    parsed_data = []
    new_line = ''
    data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i]
    for line in data:
        if line[0].strip():
            parsed_data.append(new_line)
            new_line = line + '\n'
        else:
            new_line += line + '\n'
    parsed_data.append(new_line)
    return [i for i in parsed_data if i]

''' 根据输入的段落数据分析出ifconfig的每个网卡ip信息 '''
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
    dic = {}
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if not i.startswith('lo')]
    for lines in parsed_data:
        line_list = lines.split('\n')
        devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
        macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
        ipaddr  = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
        break
    dic['ip'] = ipaddr
    return dic

''' 根据输入的dmi段落数据 分析出指定参数 '''
def parseDmi(parsed_data):
    dic = {}
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
    dmi_dic = dict([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
    dic['vender'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
    dic['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
    dic['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
    return dic

''' 获取Linux系统主机名称 '''
def getHostname():
    with open('/etc/sysconfig/network') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
                hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
                break
    return {'hostname':hostname}

''' 获取Linux系统的版本信息 '''
def getOsVersion():
    with open('/etc/issue') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            osver = line.strip()
            break
    return {'osver':osver}

''' 获取CPU的型号和CPU的核心数 '''
def getCpu():
    num = 0
    with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('processor'):
                num += 1
            if line.startswith('model name'):
                cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].strip().split()
                cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' ' + cpu_model[2]  + ' ' + cpu_model[-1]
    return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}

''' 获取Linux系统的总物理内存 '''
def getMemory():
    with open('/proc/meminfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
                mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
                break
    mem = '%.f' % (mem / 1024.0) + ' MB'
    return {'Memory':mem}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    dic = {}
    data_ip = getIfconfig()
    parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
    ip = parseIfconfig(parsed_data_ip)

    data_dmi = getDmi()
    parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
    dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)

    hostname = getHostname()
    osver = getOsVersion()
    cpu = getCpu()
    mem = getMemory()

    dic.update(ip)
    dic.update(dmi)
    dic.update(hostname)
    dic.update(osver)
    dic.update(cpu)
    dic.update(mem)

    ''' 将获取到的所有数据信息并按简单格式对齐显示 '''
    for k,v in dic.items():
        print '%-10s:%s' % (k, v)

测试结果：

product   :VMware Virtual Platform
osver     :CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
sn        :VMware-56 4d b4 6c 05 e5 20 dc-c6 49 0c e1 e0 18 1c 75
Memory    :1870 MB
cpu_num   :2
ip        :192.168.0.8
vender    :VMware, Inc.
hostname  :vip
cpu_model :Intel(R) i7-4710MQ 2.50GHz

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