Oraclelinux7.2安装11gRAC
注意:所有需要在两台主机上都设置的操作都有注明,贴出过程仅以rac1为模版
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IP规划:
#Public IP
192.168.1.22 rac1
192.168.1.33 rac2
#Private IP
1.1.1.111 rac1-priv
1.1.1.222 rac2-priv
#Virtual IP
192.168.1.23 rac1-vip
192.168.1.34 rac2-vip
#Scan IP
192.168.1.77 rac-scan
更改IP地址(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eno16777736
更改:
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=eeaef3ba-b1fe-498f-95e8-3a982ec8931e
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.22
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
~
由于实验环境缺少网卡2的配置文件,所以自己copy一份手动更改
[root@rac1 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eno33554984
[root@rac1 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eno33554984
添加:
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno33554984
UUID=7b040b98-b78e-44fa-91e1-5e115f0bdd9f
DEVICE=eno33554984
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=1.1.1.111
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=1.1.1.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
~
根据自己的IP规划,rac2相同操作
测试两边能否互相ping通
修改主机名
(测试环境安装系统时,已修改好)~
查看防火墙状态(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
关闭防火墙(当前状态)
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
关闭防火墙(永久)
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
修改host文件(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac2 network-scripts]# vi /etc/hosts
添加:
#Public IP
172.16.171.22 rac1
172.16.171.33 rac2
#Private IP
1.1.1.111 rac1-priv
1.1.1.222 rac2-priv
#Virtual IP
172.16.171.23 rac1-vip
172.16.171.34 rac2-vip
#Scan IP
172.16.171.77 rac-scan
重启网络服务(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 ~]# service network restart
配置内核参数(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加:
# for oracle 11g
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2147483648
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使参数生效(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl –p
更改limits文件(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加:
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
更改login文件(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
添加:
session required pam_limits.so
更改profile文件(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/profile
添加:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
关闭selinux(rac1和rac2):[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
修改:SELINUX=disabled
添加:
getsebool
getsebool: SELinux is disabled
重启主机
添加用户和组(rac1和rac2)
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
设置grid’和oracle密码(rac1和rac2):
[root@rac1 ~]# passwd grid
[root@rac1 ~]# passwd oracle
创建目录(rac1和rac2):
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 777 /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 777 /u01
切换用户,添加环境变量(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
添加:
export ORACLE_SID=rac1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
注意:rac2里面:export ORACLE_SID=rac2
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ su - grid
口令:
[grid@rac1 ~]$ vim .bash_profile
添加:
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
注意:rac2里面export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
关闭设备,修改虚拟机vmx文件。以记事本方式打开(rac1和rac2分别操作)。添加:
disk.EnableUUID="TRUE"
disk.locking = "false"
scsi1.shared=”TRUE”
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:5.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:1.shared = "true"
scsi1:2.shared = "true"
scsi1:3.shared = "true"
scsi1:4.shared = "true"
scsi1:5.shared = "true
虚拟机编辑设置,添加三块盘,分别叫:OCR_VOTE.vmdk
data.vmdk fra.vmdk(注意磁盘的大小)
剩下两块磁盘相同操作
注意:磁盘名以及磁盘大小和虚拟设备节点SCIS选择1:2和1:3
rac2里面磁盘添加
剩下两块磁盘相同操作,注意虚拟设备节点SCIS选择1:2和1:3与rac1上面磁盘对应
开启虚拟机
查看磁盘是否挂载(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk –l
查询磁盘UUID(rac1和rac2)
如果uuid查询不到,检查添加的虚拟机文件是否正确
虚拟机的vmx文件增加了disk.enableUUID = "TRUE"
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdb
36000c2917d180b5daef20885fa95bfbe
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdc
36000c291b9457755e6bdafe27a6dd685
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdd
36000c29c91113958099603eb65a72ce3
配置udev rules文件
/etc/udev/rule.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
[root@rac1 rules.d]# vi 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
添加:
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000c29e1359ab575540edf6a00fd489", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk01 b $major $minor; chown grid:oinstall /dev/asmdisk01; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk01'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000c2988f455427ca667639a40ee44f", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk02 b $major $minor; chown grid:oinstall /dev/asmdisk02; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk02'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000c29c692398db6baa48338cc7b9b8", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk03 b $major $minor; chown grid:oinstall /dev/asmdisk03; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk03'"
运行:(rac1和rac2)
检查新的设备名称:
[root@rac1 rules.d]# /sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
重新加载UDEV(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 rules.d]# /sbin/udevadm control –reload
为了诊断udev(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 rules.d]# /sbin/udevadm test /sys/block/sdb
[root@rac1 rules.d]# /sbin/udevadm test /sys/block/sdc
[root@rac1 rules.d]# /sbin/udevadm test /sys/block/sdd
查看是否绑定成功
[root@rac1 rules.d]# ls /dev/asm*
/dev/asmdisk01 /dev/asmdisk02 /dev/asmdisk03
解压grid安装包
Root用户运行运行图形化
[root@rac1 u01]# xhost +
切换用户
[root@rac1 u01]# su – grid
设置display
(xmanager远程连接运行图像化)
[grid@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=远程机器的IP地址:0.0
安装grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/grid/
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
挂载光盘
[root@rac1 dev]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
安装所需依赖包(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 /]# cd /mnt/Packages
[root@rac1 Packages]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.163-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@rac1 Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
缺少pdksh-5.2.14这个包,网上下载,安装依赖包
[root@rac1 u01]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
运行脚本(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 system]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/
[root@rac1 system]# ./orainstRoot.sh
[root@rac1 system]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
[root@rac1 system]# ./root.sh
运行root脚本报错
ohasd failed to start
Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow:
2015-05-23 23:37:45.460:
[client(13782)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.
原因:因为RHEL 7使用systemd而不是initd运行进程和重启进程,而root.sh通过传统的initd运行ohasd进程。
解决方法:
取消root.sh重新运行
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force –verbose
1. 以root用户创建服务文件
#touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
#chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
2. 将以下内容添加到新创建的ohas.service文件中
[root@rac1 init.d]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
[Unit]
Description=Oracle High Availability Services
After=syslog.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3. 以root用户运行下面的命令
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable ohas.service
systemctl start ohas.service
4. 查看运行状态
[root@rac1 init.d]# systemctl status ohas.service
ohas.service - Oracle High Availability Services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service; enabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Fri 2015-09-11 16:07:32 CST; 1s ago
Process: 5734 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
Main PID: 5734 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Starting Oracle High Availability Services...
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Started Oracle High Availability Services.
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: ohas.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Unit ohas.service entered failed state.
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: ohas.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Stopping Oracle High Availability Services...
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Starting Oracle High Availability Services...
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: ohas.service start request repeated too quickly, refusing to start.
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Failed to start Oracle High Availability Services.
Sep 11 16:07:32 rac1 systemd[1]: Unit ohas.service entered failed state.
此时状态为失败,原因是现在还没有/etc/init.d/init.ohasd文件。
下面可以运行脚本root.sh 不会再报ohasd failed to start错误了。
如果还是报ohasd failed to start错误,可能是root.sh脚本创建了init.ohasd之后,ohas.service没有马上启动,解决方法参考以下:
当运行root.sh时,一直刷新/etc/init.d ,直到出现 init.ohasd 文件,马上手动启动ohas.service服务 命令:systemctl start ohas.service
[root@rac1 init.d]# systemctl status ohas.service
ohas.service - Oracle High Availability Services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2015-09-11 16:09:05 CST; 3s ago
Main PID: 6000 (init.ohasd)
CGroup: /system.slice/ohas.service
6000 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
6026 /bin/sleep 10
Grid用户:检查是否安装正确完成(rac1和rac2)
[grid@rac1 grid]$ crs_stat –t
配置asm磁盘
使用grid用户执行asmca
[grid@rac1 grid]$ asmca
Root用户解压oracle,oracle用户安装oracle
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
[oracle@rac1 database]$ export DISPLAY=远程机器的IP地址:0.0
.
Oracle用户:解决方法(rac1)
[oracle@rac1 lib]$ cd /$ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib
[oracle@rac1 lib]$ cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak
[oracle@rac1 lib]$ vi ins_emagent.mk
输入/NMECTL 快速查找,在参数后面加上-lnnz11 第一个是字母l 后两个是数字1
然后回到界面点击retry
运行脚本(rac1和rac2)
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/
[root@rac1 ~]# ./root/sh
Oracle用户DBCA创建数据库(rac1)
注意oracle_sid与之前设置的环境变量里的相符合
至此,安装完成,后续测试该环境是否能够正常运行。
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