java中Spring接收web请求参数的方式有哪些
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1 查询参数
请求格式:url?参数1=值1&参数2=值2...
同时适用于GET和POST方式
spring处理查询参数的方法又有几种写法:
方法一:
方法参数名即为请求参数名
// 查询参数1 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query1", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String testQuery1(String username, String password) { System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法二:
从HttpServletRequest中提取参数
// 查询参数2 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query2", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String testQuery2(HttpServletRequest request) { String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法三:
方法参数名和请求参数名可以不一样,通过@RequestParam注解来绑定参数
// 查询参数3 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query3", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String testQuery3(@RequestParam("username") String un, @RequestParam("password") String pw) { System.out.println("username=" + un + ", password=" + pw); return "username=" + un + ", password=" + pw; }
方法四:
创建一个实体类对象作为参数承载体,spring会根据参数名称自动将参数绑定到实体类对象的属性上
// 查询参数4 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query4", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String testQuery4(User user) { String username = user.getUsername(); String password = user.getPassword(); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
实体类定义如下:
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Builderpublic class User { private String username; private String password; }
这里用到了第三方库lombok,这样就不需要在代码中手动添加get、set等方法,lombok会自动添加。
发送请求的curl命令如下:
curl -i 'http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/query1?username=aaa&password=bbb'
交互报文如下:
GET /test/query1?username=aaa&password=bbb HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.14:8080 User-Agent: curl/7.58.0 Accept: */*HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 26 Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:01:30 GMT username=aaa, password=bbb
2 表单参数
请求参数不在url中,而是在Body体中,格式为:url?参数1=值1&参数2=值2...
适用于POST方式
表单参数处理方法和前面的请求参数处理方法几乎完全一样,只是RequestMethod注解中将method方法设置成POST方法
方法一:
// 表单参数1 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form1", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testForm1(String username, String password) { System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法二:
// 表单参数2 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form2", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testForm2(HttpServletRequest request) { String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法三:
// 表单参数3 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form3", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testForm3(@RequestParam("username") String un, @RequestParam("password") String pw) { System.out.println("username=" + un + ", password=" + pw); return "username=" + un + ", password=" + pw; }
方法四:
// 表单参数4 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form4", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testForm4(User user) { String username = user.getUsername(); String password = user.getPassword(); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
curl请求命令如下:
curl -X POST -i -d "username=aaa&password=bbb" http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/form1
请求和响应报文如下:
POST /test/form1 HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.14:8080 User-Agent: curl/7.58.0 Accept: */* Content-Length: 25 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded username=aaa&password=bbbHTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 26 Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:05:35 GMT username=aaa, password=bbb
3 路径参数
请求参数为url中的一部分,格式为:url/参数1/参数2...
同时适用于GET和POST方式
代码如下:
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/url/{username}/{password}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String testUrl(@PathVariable String username, @PathVariable String password) { System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
请求curl命令如下:
curl -i http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/url/aaa/bbb
请求和响应报文如下:
GET /test/url/aaa/bbb HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.14:8080 User-Agent: curl/7.58.0 Accept: */*HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 26 Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:07:44 GMT username=aaa, password=bbb
4 json格式参数
请求参数在Body体中,并且为json格式。需要添加请求头:Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
适用于POST方式
方法一:
定义实体类,将json对象解析成实力类,需要添加RequestBody注解
// json参数1 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json1", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testJson1(@RequestBody User user) { String username = user.getUsername(); String password = user.getPassword(); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法二:
如果不像定义实体类,也可以将json请求直接解析成JSONObject类
// json参数2 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json2", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testJson2(@RequestBody JSONObject json) { String username = json.getString("username"); String password = json.getString("password"); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
方法三:
也可以将json对象直接解析成Map对象
// json参数3 @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json3", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testJson3(@RequestBody MapuserMap) { String username = userMap.get("username"); String password = userMap.get("password"); System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password); return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password; }
请求curl命令如下:
curl -X POST -i -H 'Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8' -d '{ "username" : "aaa", "password" : "bbb" } 'http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/json1
请求和响应报文如下:
POST /test/json1 HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.14:8080 User-Agent: curl/7.58.0 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 52 { "username" : "aaa", "password" : "bbb" }HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 26 Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:09:06 GMT username=aaa, password=bbb
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