MySQL——全量，增量备份与恢复（实战篇！）
一，全量备份与恢复
1，进入数据库，创建表，插入表数据
[root@master2 ~]# MySQL -uroot -p ##进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> create database school; ##创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table info( ##创建表
-> id int(3) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc info; ##查看表结构
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('stu01',88),('stu02',77); ##插入表数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表内容
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | stu02 | 77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info limit 1; ##只显示表中的前1行
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)2，对数据库进行物理的完全备份
[root@master2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##切换到数据库的数据目录下
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql school test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema sys
[root@master2 data]# cd school/
[root@master2 school]# ls ##数据中的文件
db.opt info.frm info.ibd
[root@master2 school]# cd ..
[root@master2 data]# tar Jcvf /opt/mysql-$(date +%F).tar.xz /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##用xz格式压缩
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh3，对单个数据库进行逻辑上的备份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql ##逻辑备份单个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim school.sql ##查看备份数据库脚本
...
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
...
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'stu01',88.0),(2,'stu02',77.0);
...4，对多个数据库进行备份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /opt/db_school_mysql.sql
##备份多个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql5，对数据库进行完全备份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases > /opt/all.sql ##完全备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school.sql6，对数据库中的表进行备份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /opt/school_info.sql ##对数据库中的表进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh school.sql
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql7，对数据库中的表结构进行备份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school info > /opt/school_info_desc.sql
##对表结构进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
db_school_mysql.sql rh school.sql
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz school_info_desc.sql8，基于脚本恢复数据库
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p ##进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> show databases; ##查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> show tables; ##查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; ##删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; ###查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /opt/school.sql ##恢复数据库脚本文件
mysql> show tables; ##查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)9，基于外部MySQL命令恢复数据库
mysql> drop table info; ##删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; ##查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit ##退出
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 school < /opt/school.sql ##利用mysql命令进行恢复
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; ##查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)二，MySQL增量备份及恢复
1，开启二进制日志文件
[root@master2 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf ##开启二进制日志文件
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin ##开启二进制日志文件
server-id = 1
[root@master2 opt]# systemctl restart mysqld.service ##重启mysql服务
[root@master2 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##切换到mysql站点
[root@master2 data]# ls ##查看二进制日志文件
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys2，进行完全备份
[root@master2 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123123 school > /opt/school.sql ##一次完全备份
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs ##刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls ##生成新的二进制日志文件，接下来的操作会保存在mysql-bin.000002中
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.index sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 school3，进入数据库，模拟误操作
[root@master2 data]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by01',66); ##正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='st01'; ##错误操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by02',99); ##正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs ##刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002 > /opt/bak.txt
##用64位解码器查看二进制日志文件，并生成一个文件
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
bak.txt mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim bak.txt ##查看二进制日志文件
# at 1084
#191127 20:14:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1132 CRC32 0xdcc90eb5 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` ##第一次正确操作的时间和位置
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='by01'
### @3=66.0
...
# at 1302 ##停止位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0x6648509a Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 221
# at 1357
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1405 CRC32 0x1eeb752b Delete_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info` ##第二次执行错误操作的时间和位置191127 20:14:46
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='st01'
### @3=88.0
# at 1405 ##开始位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1436 CRC32 0xf1c8d903 Xid = 54
...
# at 1630
#191127 20:15:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 1678 CRC32 0x08d9b0f4 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` ##第二次正确操作的时间和位置191127 20:15:16
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='by02'
### @3=99.04，基于时间点进行断点恢复
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table info; ##删除数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist
mysql> source /opt/school.sql ##恢复完全备份数据库脚本
...
mysql> show tables; ##查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2019-11-27 20:14:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123
##恢复bin.000002中前一个正确的执行语句（从第二个错误语句时间点停止）
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表数据，恢复了第一次正确操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2019-11-27 20:15:16' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123
##跳过错误节点，恢复最后一个正确的操作（从最后一个正确的操作时间点开始）
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表数据，恢复了第二次正确操作，跳过了错误的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)5，基于位置点进行断点恢复
mysql> delete from info where name='by01'; ##为实验方便直接删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by02'; ##删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; ##完全备份的初始状态
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='1302' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123
##跳过错误操作的位置点从上一个位置点开始
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表数据，恢复了第一次正确的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1405' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123
##从错误的位置后一个位置点开始，跳过错误操作的位置点
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看表数据，跳过错误操作，恢复第二次正确操作数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)6，对于增量备份全部恢复
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123
##全部增量恢复谢谢阅读！
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