django中怎么利用request获取请求的IP地址
django中怎么利用request获取请求的IP 地址，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。
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安装第三方库
pip install django-ipware
view 里调用
一般用法：
from ipware.ip import get_ip # 导入包 def view_test(request): ip = get_ip(request) # 获取 request 的请求 IP
site-packages/ipware/ip.py 源码：
from .utils import is_valid_ip
from . import defaults as defs
NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX = tuple([ip.lower() for ip in defs.IPWARE_NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX])
TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST = tuple([ip.lower() for ip in defs.IPWARE_TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST])
def get_ip(request, real_ip_only=False, right_most_proxy=False):
"""
Returns client's best-matched ip-address, or None
"""
best_matched_ip = None
for key in defs.IPWARE_META_PRECEDENCE_ORDER:
value = request.META.get(key, request.META.get(key.replace('_', '-'), '')).strip()
if value is not None and value != '':
ips = [ip.strip().lower() for ip in value.split(',')]
if right_most_proxy and len(ips) > 1:
ips = reversed(ips)
for ip_str in ips:
if ip_str and is_valid_ip(ip_str):
if not ip_str.startswith(NON_PUBLIC_IP_PREFIX):
return ip_str
if not real_ip_only:
loopback = defs.IPWARE_LOOPBACK_PREFIX
if best_matched_ip is None:
best_matched_ip = ip_str
elif best_matched_ip.startswith(loopback) and not ip_str.startswith(loopback):
best_matched_ip = ip_str
return best_matched_ip
def get_real_ip(request, right_most_proxy=False):
"""
Returns client's best-matched `real` `externally-routable` ip-address, or None
"""
return get_ip(request, real_ip_only=True, right_most_proxy=right_most_proxy)
def get_trusted_ip(request, right_most_proxy=False, trusted_proxies=TRUSTED_PROXY_LIST):
"""
Returns client's ip-address from `trusted` proxy server(s) or None
"""
if trusted_proxies:
meta_keys = ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'X_FORWARDED_FOR']
for key in meta_keys:
value = request.META.get(key, request.META.get(key.replace('_', '-'), '')).strip()
if value:
ips = [ip.strip().lower() for ip in value.split(',')]
if len(ips) > 1:
if right_most_proxy:
ips.reverse()
for proxy in trusted_proxies:
if proxy in ips[-1]:
return ips[0]
return None用途：用装饰器保存 访问 IP
import re
from django.core.cache import cache
from django.shortcuts import render
from ipware.ip import get_ip
def get_ipv4(ip):
"""
获取 IPv4
:param ip:
:return:
"""
# IP patterns
ipv4_re = r'(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(?:\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}'
# ipv6_re = r'\[[0-9a-f:\.]+\]' # (simple regex, validated later)
ipv4 = re.search(ipv4_re, ip)
if ipv4:
return ipv4.group()
return ip
def save_ip(ip):
"""
保存 IP
:param ip:
:return:
"""
ip = get_ipv4(ip)
cache_ip = cache.get(ip)
if not cache_ip:
cache.set(ip, int(time.time()), CACHE_TIMEOUT_ARTICLE)
visit_status = UserIP.objects.filter(ip=ip).exists()
if visit_status:
ip_info = UserIP.objects.get(ip=ip)
ip_info.visit_num += 1
ip_info.save(update_fields=["visit_num", "time_updated"])
else:
ip_info = UserIP(
ip=ip,
location=get_ip_location(ip),
visit_num=1,
)
ip_info.save()
# 这是一个装饰器的函数，外层的函数是用来接收被装饰函数的的
def save_visit_ip(func):
"""
访问视图函数时保存 访问ip
:param func:
:return:
"""
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
ip = get_ip(request)
save_ip(ip)
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
@save_visit_ip
def status_code(request):
code = request.GET.get("code", None)
status_code = {
"200": "访问正常
",
"403": "
访问被拒
",
"404": "
资源未找到
",
"500": "
服务器内部错误
",
"503": "
服务器维护中
",
}
if code in status_code.keys():
response = HttpResponse(status_code[code])
response.status_code = int(code)
return response
return render(request, "web_status_code.html", locals())
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