MySQL备份工具一般有哪些
本文主要给大家介绍MySQL备份工具一般有哪些，文章内容都是笔者用心摘选和编辑的，具有一定的针对性，对大家的参考意义还是比较大的，下面跟笔者一起了解下MySQL备份工具一般有哪些吧。
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MySQL备份工具
常用的 MySQL 备份工具
• 物理备份缺点
– 跨平台性差
– 备份时间长、冗余备份、浪费存储空间
• mysqldump 备份缺点
– 效率较低，备份和还原速度慢
– 备份过程中，数据插入和更新操作会被挂起
XtraBackup 工具
• 一款强大的在线热备份工具
– 备份过程中不锁库表，适合生产环境
– 由专业组织 Percona 提供（改进 MySQL 分
支）
• 主要含两个组件
– xtrabackup ： C 程序，支持 InnoDB/XtraDB
– innobackupex ：以 Perl 脚本封装 xtrabackup ，还支持 MyISAM
步骤一：安装XtraBackup软件包
1）了解软件包描述信息
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -qpi percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm Name : percona-xtrabackup-24 Version : 2.4.6 Release : 2.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: (not installed) Group : Applications/Databases Size : 32416340 License : GPLv2 Signature : DSA/SHA1, 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时28分17秒, Key ID 1c4cbdcdcd2efd2a Source RPM : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.src.rpm Build Date : 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时27分21秒 Build Host : vps-centos7-x64-01.ci.percona.com Relocations : (not relocatable) URL : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup Summary : XtraBackup online backup for MySQL / InnoDB Description : Percona XtraBackup is OpenSource online (non-blockable) backup solution for InnoDB and XtraDB engines
2）安装依赖包perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 libev
使用RHEL 7自带的即可，yum方式安装：
`[root@dbsvr1 pub]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5
libev使用网上找的rpm包 libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86.rpm
[root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm –ivh libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm``
如果未安装这些依赖包，则直接安装percona-xtrabackup时会报错： 3）安装percona-xtrabackup
[root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-*.rpm
警告：percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7################################# [ 33%]
2:percona-xtrabackup-test-24-2.4.6-################################# [ 67%]
3:percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo-2################################# [100%]
4）确认安装的主要程序/脚本
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64
/usr/bin/innobackupex
/usr/bin/xbcloud
/usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
/usr/bin/xbcrypt
/usr/bin/xbstream
/usr/bin/xtrabackup
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6/COPYING
/usr/share/man/man1/innobackupex.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz
`步骤二：innobackupex完整备份、增量备份操作
--host 主机名
--port 3306
--user 用户名
--password 密码
--databases="库名"
--databases="库1 库2"
--databases="库.表"
--no-timestamp 不用日期命名备份文件存储的子目录，使用备份的数据库名做备份目录名
--no-timestmap 不使用日期命名备份目录名``
1）做一个完整备份
默认情况下，备份文件存储的子目录会用日期命名，
innobackupex作为客户端工具，以mysql协议连入mysqld，将数据备份到/backup文件夹
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=1234567 /backup/mysql –no-timestamp 170425 11:05:44 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully. At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex prints "completed OK!". Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374. 170425 11:05:45 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set Using server version 5.7.17 innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7) xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise(). xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024 xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration: xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = . xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./ xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648 InnoDB: Number of pools: 1 170425 11:05:45 >> log scanned up to (2543893) xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0 170425 11:05:45 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/ibdata1 170425 11:05:45 [01] ...done 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /backup/mysql/plugin.ibd 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.ibd to /backup/mysql/servers.ibd 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.ibd to /backup/mysql/help_topic.ibd 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done 170425 11:05:46 >> log scanned up to (2543893) .. .. 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm to /backup/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/session_ssl_status.frm to /backup/sys/session_ssl_status.frm 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/db.opt to /backup/db1/db.opt 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/tb1.frm to /backup/db1/tb1.frm 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done 170425 11:06:00 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files 170425 11:06:00 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS... xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '2543884' xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread. .170425 11:06:00 >> log scanned up to (2543893) 170425 11:06:00 Executing UNLOCK TABLES 170425 11:06:00 All tables unlocked 170425 11:06:00 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /backup/ib_buffer_pool 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done 170425 11:06:00 Backup created in directory '/backup/' 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2543884) to (2543893) was copied. 170425 11:06:01 completed OK
确认备份好的文件数据
[root@dbsvr1 ~]#ls /backup/ backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql sys xtrabackup_info db1 ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
2）做一个增量备份（基于前一步的完整备份）
随意做一些新增或更改库表的操作，比如在db1库中新建一个mytb的表：
mysql> USE db1; Database changed mysql> CREATE TABLE mytb(id int(4), name varchar(24)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES -> (1,'bon'), -> (2,'bo'), Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | bob | | 2 | bo | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以前一次保存到/backup的完整备份为基础，做一个增量备份，保存到/incr01/，指定增量备份参照的基本目录（完整备份目录）需要用到选项--incremental-basedir。相关操作如下
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --incremental /incr01 --incremental-basedir=/backup/ --no-timestamp 170425 11:30:14 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully. At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex prints "completed OK!". Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374. 170425 11:30:14 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set Using server version 5.7.17 innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7) incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled. xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise(). xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024 xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration: xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = . xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./ xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648 InnoDB: Number of pools: 1 170425 11:30:14 >> log scanned up to (2549933) xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0 xtrabackup: using the full scan for incremental backup 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /incr01/ibdata1.delta 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done 170425 11:30:15 >> log scanned up to (2549933) 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /incr01/mysql/plugin.ibd.delta 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done ... ... 170425 11:30:35 Executing UNLOCK TABLES 170425 11:30:35 All tables unlocked 170425 11:30:35 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /incr01/ib_buffer_pool 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done 170425 11:30:35 Backup created in directory '/incr01/' 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2549924) to (2549933) was copied. 170425 11:30:35 completed OK!
确认备份好的文件数据：
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# ls /incr01/
backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool ibdata1.meta performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
db1 ibdata1.delta mysql sys
对比完整备份、增量备份的大小：
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# du -sh /backup/ /incr01/ 142M /backup/ //完整备份的大小 3.5M /incr01/ ``` //增量备份的大小 步骤三：恢复数据 通过XtraBackup工具备份的数据库目录，若要恢复到另一个MySQL云服务器，需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作。 1）准备恢复“完整备份” 完成准备以后，最终/backup可用来重建MySQL云服务器。这种情况下，需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作，以确保数据一致性：
[root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/
170425 11:42:19 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to '--prepare'.
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2544177
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
170425 11:42:20 completed OK!
准备恢复“增量备份”
[root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/ --incremental-dir=/incr01
170425 11:42:55 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled.
xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared with --apply-log-only.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(2549924)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = /incr01/
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
xtrabackup: page size for /incr01//ibdata1.delta is 16384 bytes
Applying /incr01//ibdata1.delta to ./ibdata1...
... ...
170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/global_status.frm to ./performance_schema/global_status.frm
170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/session_status.frm to ./performance_schema/session_status.frm
170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
170425 11:43:09 [00] Copying /incr01//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
170425 11:43:09 [00] ...done
170425 11:43:10 completed OK!
2）关闭mysql服务，并将/var/lib/mysql/下的文件删除，假设数据被删除。 [root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl stop mysqld [root@dbsvr1 ~]#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 3）恢复“完整备份+增量备份” 完成准备以后，最终仍然是/backup用来重建MySQL云服务器，但这种情况下需提前合并相关增量备份的数据
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --copy-back /backup/
... ...
170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/global_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/glo.frm
170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/seus.frm
170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ib_buffer_pool to /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
170425 11:51:39 completed OK!
4）修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件属主与属组,查看数据： 恢复后，/var/lib/mysql下文件属组与属主皆为root，需要更改为mysql
root@dbsvr1 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@dbsvr1 ~]#mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "select * from db1.tb1"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | bob |
| 2 | bo |
+------+------+
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