Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码

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一、简介

由MySQL AB公司开发，是最流行的开放源码SQL数据库管理系统，主要特点：

1、是一种数据库管理系统
2、是一种关联数据库管理系统
3、是一种开放源码软件，且有大量可用的共享MySQL软件
4、MySQL数据库云服务器具有快速、可靠和易于使用的特点
5、MySQL云服务器工作在客户端/云服务器模式下，或嵌入式系统中
InnoDB存储引擎将InnoDB表保存在一个表空间内，该表空间可由数个文件创建。这样，表的大小就能超过单独文件的最大容量。表空间可包括原始磁盘分区，从而使得很大的表成为可能。表空间的最大容量为64TB。

二、MySQL用户账号、權限管理

2.1. MySQL用户账号包括：用户名@主机名

用户名：16个字符以内

主机有以下几种表现方式

主机名： mysql, www.magedu.com

IP地址: 172.16.90.111

网络地址：172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0

通配符：%，_

%：任意字符 172.16.%.% ,%.magedu.com

_：任意一个 172.16_.%.%

2.2. 权限级别：全局级别、库级别、表级别、列级别、存储过程和存储函数级别

全局级别：SELECT * FROM db\G; 查询全局库级别的权限

mysql> SELECT * FROM db \G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Host: %

Db: test

User:

Select_priv: Y

Insert_priv: Y

Update_priv: Y

Delete_priv: Y

Create_priv: Y

Drop_priv: Y

Grant_priv: N

References_priv: Y

Index_priv: Y

Alter_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

Lock_tables_priv: Y

Create_view_priv: Y

Show_view_priv: Y

Create_routine_priv: Y

Alter_routine_priv: N

Execute_priv: N

Event_priv: Y

Trigger_priv: Y

**************************************************************************

CREATE USER username@host [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] 创建用户

DROP USER 'username'@'host'; 刪除用戶

RENAME USER old_name TO new_name; 重命名用戶

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'username'@'host'; 查看用户权限列表

FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; 刷新权限列表

GRANT PRIVILEGES ON [object_type] db.* TO 'username'@'host'; 给用户增加权限

REVOKE SELECT ON db.* FROM 'username'@'host'; 取消用户的SELECT权限

2.3. 权限对应的作用范围明细：

Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码

2.4. 创建用户及权限：

2.4.1. 创建用户，并通过IDENTIFIED BY 'password'，设定密码

CREATE USER username@host [IDENTIFIED BY 'password']

Usage:

mysql> CREATE USER test@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'test'; #创建用户test本地数据库账号，密码test。

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限列表

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR test@localhost\G; #查看数据库账户test@localhost的权限列表

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Grants for test@localhost: GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29'

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.2. 测试登录

重新打开另一个客户端，登录以test账号登录mysql

[root@lamp ~]# mysql -utest -p #登录mysql数据库以test用户，输入用户密码

mysql> SHOW DATABASES; #登录成功，查看该账号下的数据库

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.3. 权限设定GRANT

GRANT PRIVILEGES ON [object_type] db.* TO 'username'@'host';

#指定权限PRIVILEGES

ON指定对象名称db.*

object_type指定对象类型:

TABLE 表

| FUNCTION 函数

| PROCEDURE

TO username@host 指定用户。

with_option:

GRANT OPTION

| MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count

object_type对象类型有：TABLE（表） FUNCTION（函数） PROCEDURE(程序、库)

Usage：GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION db.abc TO 'username'@'host'; #授权给username@host用户,对

db数据库的abc函数有执行权限。

GRANT UPDATE(Age) ON db.testtb TO 'username'@'host'; #授权给username@host用户对db数据库的，testtb表的Age字段具有UPDATE权限。

2.4.3.1.测试开通创建库权限

A连接：

mysql> GRANT CREATE ON test01.* TO 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

B连接：（A连接命令执行前）

mysql> CREATE DATABASE test01;

ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'test'; database exists

B连接：（A连接命令执行后）

mysql> CREATE DATABASE test01;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test01

Database changed

mysql> CREATE TABLE testdb (ID INT UNSINED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,Name CHAR(20),PRIMARY KEY (ID));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

2.4.3.2.测试开通创建表权限，权限设定后需重连

A连接：

mysql> GRANT INSERT ON test01.* TO 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON test01.* TO 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'test'@'%'; #查看权限正常

+----------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for test@% |

+----------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, CREATE ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

+----------------------------------------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@lamp ~]# tail /mydata/data/lamp.err #查看日志正常

170612 9:31:34 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

170612 9:31:34 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.

170612 9:31:35 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start

170612 9:31:36 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 5241255

170612 9:31:36 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306

170612 9:31:36 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';

170612 9:31:36 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.

170612 9:31:36 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

170612 9:31:36 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: '5.5.28-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution

B连接：（A连接命令执行前）

mysql> USE test01

Database changed

mysql> INSERT INTO testdb (Name) VALUES ('TOM');

ERROR 1142 (42000): INSERT command denied to user 'test'@'localhost' for table 'testtb'

B连接：（A连接命令执行且重新连接会话后）

mysql> use test01

Database changed

mysql> INSERT INTO testdb (Name) VALUES ('TOM');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

2.4.3.3.测试开通新增表中字段的权限，权限设定后需重连

A连接：

mysql> GRANT ALTER ON test01.* TO 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B连接：（A连接命令执行前）

mysql> ALTER TABLE testdb ADD Age TINYINT UNSIGNED;

ERROR 1142 (42000): ALTER command denied to user 'test'@'localhost' for table 'testdb'

B连接：（A连接命令执行且重新连接会话后）

mysql> use test01;

Database changed

mysql> ALTER TABLE testdb ADD Age TINYINT UNSIGNED;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM testdb;

+----+------+------+

| ID | Name | Age |

+----+------+------+

| 1 | TOM | NULL |

+----+------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.3.4.测试开通新增表中字段的权限，权限设定后需重连

A连接：

mysql> GRANT UPDATE(Age) ON test01.testdb TO 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'test'@'%';

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for test@% |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT UPDATE (Age) ON `test01`.`testdb` TO 'test'@'%' |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B连接：（A连接命令执行且重新连接会话后）

mysql> use test01;

mysql> UPDATE testdb SET Age=30 WHERE ID=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM testdb;

+----+------+------+

| ID | Name | Age |

+----+------+------+

| 1 | TOM | 30 |

+----+------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> UPDATE testdb SET Name='Jack' WHERE ID=1; #只有更新Age的權限，所以出錯

ERROR 1143 (42000): UPDATE command denied to user 'test'@'localhost' for column 'Name' in table 'testdb'

2.4.3.5.测试开通全局的权限，权限设定后需重连 XXX測試失敗

A连接：

mysql> SET GLOBAL tx_isolation='READ-UNCOMMITTED';

ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s) for this operation

mysql> show grants for 'test'@'%';

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for test@% |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT UPDATE (Age) ON `test01`.`testdb` TO 'test'@'%' |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B连接：（A连接命令执行且重新连接会话后）

mysql> use test01;

mysql> set GLOBAL tx_isolation = 'READ-UNCOMMITTED';

ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s) for this operation

mysql>

2.4.3.6.测试撤銷授權

mysql> help revoke

Name: 'REVOKE'

Syntax:

REVOKE

priv_type [(column_list)]

[, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...

ON [object_type] priv_level

FROM user [, user] ...

REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION

FROM user [, user] ...

REVOKE PROXY ON user

FROM user [, user] ...

mysql> show grants for 'test'@'%';

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for test@% |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT UPDATE (Age) ON `test01`.`testdb` TO 'test'@'%' |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> revoke SELECT ON test.* FROM 'test'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'test'@'%';

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for test@% |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'%' |

| GRANT UPDATE (Age) ON `test01`.`testdb` TO 'test'@'%' |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.4.3.7.测试开通SSL連接的权限，权限设定后需重连

2.4.3.8.测试开通其它的权限，权限设定后需重连

mysql> help drop user #刪除用戶

Name: 'DROP USER'

Syntax:

DROP USER user [, user] ...

mysql> help rename user #用戶重命名

Name: 'RENAME USER'

Syntax:

RENAME USER old_user TO new_user

[, old_user TO new_user] ...

2.5. MySQL数据库ROOT用户密码忘记解决方案步骤：

2.3.1. 先关闭mysqld进程，并修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf

[root@lamp ~]# service mysqld stop #先停止mysqld进程

Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld #修改mysqld的启动脚本，修改内容如下红色框内

查找start: /start

新增跳过权限表及禁止网络登录： --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking

Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码

2.3.2. 启动mysqld服务，并登入修改mysql.user中的密码

[root@lamp ~]# service mysqld start #启动mysqld进程

Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]

[root@lamp ~]# mysql #此时登录mysql即可不需要用户名和密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.28-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> USE mysql

Database changed

mysql> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM user; #查询user表的三个字段，是需要密码登录的

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| User | Host | Password |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | *A198E6EEE923DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | lamp | *A198E6EEE9823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | *A198E6EEE9DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | ::1 | *A198E6EEE93DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| test | localhost | *94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29 |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('redhat') WHERE User='root';

#此时由于跳过了grant权限列表，所以只能通过修改user表的Password字段的值来修改用户密码。

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 4 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM user; #查询user表的三个字段，是需要密码登录的

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| User | Host | Password |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | lamp | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| root | ::1 | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |

| test | localhost | *94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29 |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>\q

2.3.3. 关闭mysqld服务，并登入删除之前增加的安全启动参数

[root@lamp ~]# service mysqld stop #停止mysqld进程

Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld #修改启动脚本，把之前修改的内容去掉后保存退出

Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码

2.3.4. 启动mysqld服务，并使用修改后的密码登录

[root@lamp ~]# service mysqld start #启动mysqld进程

Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]

[root@lamp ~]# mysql #此时直接登录mysql提示输入用户及密码

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[root@lamp ~]# mysql -uroot -p #指定通过root账号登录 -p指定需要输入密码登录

Enter password:

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文章标题：Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码
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Mysql如何创建用户、权限及如何重置管理员密码

一、简介

二、MySQL用户账号、權限管理

2.4.3.6.测试撤銷授權

2.4.3.7.测试开通SSL連接的权限，权限设定后需重连

2.4.3.8.测试开通其它的权限，权限设定后需重连

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