oracle12cdataguard如何使用sqlplus主备切换

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第一,切换之前的检查。
确认备库已经准备好切换

确认备库与主库是同步的并且日志切换正常。

SQL>alter database switchover to verify;

以上命令会验证如下信息:

a. 验证数据库的版本至少为 12.1。

b. 主库 REDO 传输正常。

c. 备库 MRP 进程正常运行并且与主库同步,否则会在 SQLPROMPT 和 alert 中都报如下错误:

列如:

SQL>alter database switchover to chicago verify;

ORA-16470: Redo Apply is not running on switchover target

------Primary alert log------

    SQL>alter database switchover to chicago verify;

    ORA-16470 signaled during: alter database switchover to chicago verify...

在目标备库上检查 ORL 的状态

如果是脏的那么会报出如下信息:

SQL> alter database switchover to chicago verify;

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-16475: succeeded with warnings, check alert log for more details

-----Primary Alert log-----------

SWITCHOVER VERIFY WARNING: switchover target has dirty online redo logfiles that require clearing.

It takes time to clear online redo logfiles. This may slow down switchover process.

需要做什么呢?

确认 log_file_name_convert 参数在目标备库被正确设置:

SQL>show parameter log_file_name_convert;

注意:如果没有设置,请设置。例如,如果路径结构只有 db_uniquq_name 发生了改变:

主库的日志在: /oradata/boston/<>

备库的日志在: /oradata/chicago/logfiles>

这样设置参数:

alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’boston’,’chicago’ scope=spfile;  

注意:重启备库并且启动 MRP。当重启备库并且启动 MRP,将清除所有备库的 log_file_name_convert 参数设置的日志。

如果备库是与主库同步的,将得到如下的信息:

SQL> alter database switchover to chicago verify;

Database altered.

--------- Primary Alert log -------

SWITCHOVER VERIFY: Send VERIFY request to switchover target CHICAGO

SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE

Completed: alter database switchover to chicago verify

确认主库和备库的临时数据文件匹配

临时数据文件在创建备库之后,不会同时创建临时数据文件,用如下的命令查询临时数据文件,并且在备库进行创建。

SQL> col name for a45

SQL>  select ts#,name,ts#,status  from v$tempfile;

注意:对于多个备库的环境,确保每个备库与主库同步。

Check if log_archive_Dest(remote redo transport) set on Standby side

SWITCHOVER VERIFY command returns ORA-16475 when log_archive_dest_n is not set on Standby as follows.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY;
ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16475: succeeded with warnings, check alert log for more details

In alert.log, following messages appear.

SWITCHOVER VERIFY: Send VERIFY request to switchover target S1202
SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE
SWITCHOVER VERIFY WARNING: switchover target has no standby database definedin LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter. If the switchover target is converted to
a primary database, the new primary database will not be protected.ORA-16475 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO S1202 VERIFY...

What to do?  set log_archive_dest_state_n on Standby.

如果 v$database 的 switchover_status 的值为 UNRESOLVABLE GAP(RAC 或者非 RAC)

1. 检查是否有些关闭的线程存在并且 disable

SQL>SELECT thread#, instance, status FROM v$thread;

Disable 线程使用:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DISABLE THREAD ;

2. 检查是否有 log_archive_destination 指向不合法的目录

SQL> select status,DEST_ID,TYPE,ERROR,GAP_STATUS,SYNCHRONIZED,SYNCHRONIZATION_STATUS,RECOVERY_MODE from V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS where STatus <> 'INACTIVE';
SQL>show parameter log_Archive_dest

第二,切换角色

在主库和备库同时开启 trace,用于发生问题时候的诊断。

SQL>alter system set log_archive_trace=8191 sid=’*’;

监视各个实例的 alert log(可选)

@primary and standby,

SQL>show parameter background_dump_dest

$tail -600f background_dump_dest/alert*

* 注意: 在 RAC 环境不需要关闭其他的实例,执行 Switchover 的命令会关闭所有的实例。

切换备库角色为主库

主库 - Boston,

SQL>alter database switchover to chicago;

Database altered.

以下是主库(BOSTON)和备库(CHICAGO)的 alert 输出:

--------------Primary Alert log "alert_boston.log"--------------

Fri Aug 23 11:05:23 2013

ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_trace=8191 SCOPE=BOTH;

 alter database switchover to chicago

Fri Aug 23 11:05:43 2013

Starting switchover [Process ID: 3340]

Fri Aug 23 11:05:43 2013

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY [Process Id: 3340] (boston)

.

Fri Aug 23 11:05:44 2013

Active, synchronized Physical Standby switchover target has been identified

Preventing updates and queries at the Primary

Generating and shipping final logs to target standby

Switchover End-Of-Redo Log thread 1 sequence 11 has been fixed   <--------- 序列号 11 是日志的终止序号

Switchover: Primary highest seen SCN set to 0x0.0x229306

ARCH: Noswitch archival of thread 1, sequence 11

.

Switchover: Primary controlfile converted to standby controlfile succesfully.

Switchover: Complete - Database shutdown required

Sending request (convert to primary database) to switchover target CHICAGO

OCISessionBegin with PasswordVerifier succeeded

Switchover complete. Database shutdown required

USER (ospid: 3340): terminating the instance

Fri Aug 23 11:05:51 2013

Instance terminated by USER, pid = 3340

Completed:  alter database switchover to chicago

-------------------alert log "alert_chicago.log"------------------

Fri Aug 23 11:05:47 2013

SWITCHOVER: received request 'ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY' from primary database.

Fri Aug 23 11:05:47 2013

ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY (chicago)

Maximum wait for role transition is 15 minutes.

.

Standby became primary SCN: 2265860

Switchover: Complete - Database mounted as primary

SWITCHOVER: completed request from primary database.

注意:备库一端只等待15分钟,实现备库与主库的同步。

打开新的主数据库

SQL>alter database open;

重启新的备库

SQL>shut abort

SQL>startup

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

第三,切换后的后续步骤

关闭 trace

SQL>  alter system set log_archive_trace=0;

System altered.

确认新的主库已经正常传输日志到备库,并且备库能正常应用。

在主库侧执行

SQL>alter system switch logfile;

SQL>select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest where dest_id=>;

SQL>select max(sequence#),thread# from v$log_history group by thread#;

如果备库端对应 log_archive_dest_2

SQL>select max(sequence#)  from v$archived_log where applied='YES' and 
dest_id=2;

在备库侧:

SQL>select thread#,sequence#,process,status from gv$managed_standby;

SQL>select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log group by thread#;

注意:在 12.2 中使用 v$dataguard_process 替代 v$managed_standby

SQL> select name,role,instance,thread#,sequence#,action from gv$dataguard_process;

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