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    前期进行了二值化处理，车辆和道路存在连通区域，实际上，就没有必要再次进行形态学的算法处理，不过为了练习使用膨胀和腐蚀，并且了解函数的基本使用，还是进行了处理

代码

#include "cv.h"

#include "highgui.h"

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"

using namespace cv;

Mat srcMat, erosion_dst, dilation_dst;

int erosion_elem = 0;

int erosion_size = 0;

int dilation_elem = 0;

int dilation_size = 0;

int const max_elem = 2;

int const max_kernel_size = 21;

void Erosion( int, void* );

void Dilation( int, void* );

void Erosion( int, void* )

{

 int erosion_type;

 if( erosion_elem == 0 ){ erosion_type = MORPH_RECT; }

 else if( erosion_elem == 1 ){ erosion_type = MORPH_CROSS; }

 else if( erosion_elem == 2) { erosion_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }

 Mat element = getStructuringElement( erosion_type,

  Size( 2*erosion_size + 1, 2*erosion_size+1 ),

  Point( erosion_size, erosion_size ) );

 /// 腐蚀操作

 erode( srcMat, erosion_dst, element );

 imshow( "Erosion Demo", erosion_dst );

}

void Dilation( int, void* )

{

 int dilation_type;

 if( dilation_elem == 0 ){ dilation_type = MORPH_RECT; }

 else if( dilation_elem == 1 ){ dilation_type = MORPH_CROSS; }

 else if( dilation_elem == 2) { dilation_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }

 Mat element = getStructuringElement( dilation_type,

  Size( 2*dilation_size + 1, 2*dilation_size+1 ),

  Point( dilation_size, dilation_size ) );

 ///膨胀操作

 dilate( srcMat, dilation_dst, element );

 imshow( "Dilation Demo", dilation_dst );

}

int main() {

 srcMat = imread( "D:/20170601092226.png" );

 if( !srcMat.data ) return -1;

 cvtColor(srcMat, srcMat, CV_BGR2GRAY);

 threshold(srcMat, srcMat, 100, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY);

 namedWindow( "Erosion Demo", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );

 namedWindow( "Dilation Demo", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );

 cvMoveWindow( "Dilation Demo", srcMat.cols, 0 );

 /// 创建腐蚀 Trackbar

 createTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect \n 1: Cross \n 2: Ellipse", "Erosion Demo",

  &erosion_elem, max_elem,

  Erosion );

 createTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", "Erosion Demo",

  &erosion_size, max_kernel_size,

  Erosion );

 /// 创建膨胀 Trackbar

 createTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect \n 1: Cross \n 2: Ellipse", "Dilation Demo",

  &dilation_elem, max_elem,

  Dilation );

 createTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", "Dilation Demo",

  &dilation_size, max_kernel_size,

  Dilation );

 Erosion( 0, 0 );

 Dilation( 0, 0 );

 waitKey(0);

 return 0;

}

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