1. gdb打印C++ STL容器

原生gdb通过p打印C++容器，打印出的内容往往难以理解，通过以下的脚本可以实现常用容器的打印。

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1. 拷贝以下内容到新文件stl_views_1.0.3.gdb

#                                                                                                        
#   STL GDB evaluators/views/utilities - 1.03
#
#   The new GDB commands:                                                         
#         are entirely non instrumental                                             
#         do not depend on any "inline"(s) - e.g. size(), [], etc
#       are extremely tolerant to debugger settings
#                                                                                 
#   This file should be "included" in .gdbinit as following:
#   source stl-views.gdb or just paste it into your .gdbinit file
#
#   The following STL containers are currently supported:
#
#       std::vector-- via pvector command
#       std::list-- via plist or plist_member command
#       std::map-- via pmap or pmap_member command
#       std::multimap-- via pmap or pmap_member command
#       std::set-- via pset command
#       std::multiset-- via pset command
#       std::deque-- via pdequeue command
#       std::stack-- via pstack command
#       std::queue-- via pqueue command
#       std::priority_queue-- via ppqueue command
#       std::bitset-- via pbitset command
#       std::string -- via pstring command
#       std::widestring -- via pwstring command
#
#   The end of this file contains (optional) C++ beautifiers
#   Make sure your debugger supports $argc
#
#   Simple GDB Macros writen by Dan Marinescu (H-PhD) - License GPL
#   Inspired by intial work of Tom Malnar, 
#     Tony Novac (PhD) / Cornell / Stanford,
#     Gilad Mishne (PhD) and Many Many Others.
#   Contact: dan_c_marinescu@yahoo.com (Subject: STL)
#
#   Modified to work with g++ 4.3 by Anders Elton
#   Also added _member functions, that instead of printing the entire class in map, prints a member.



#
# std::vector<>#

define pvector
    if $argc == 0
        help pvector
    else
        set $size = $arg0._M_impl._M_finish - $arg0._M_impl._M_start
        set $capacity = $arg0._M_impl._M_end_of_storage - $arg0._M_impl._M_start
        set $size_max = $size - 1
    end
    if $argc == 1
        set $i = 0
        while $i< $size
            printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
            p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $i)
            set $i++
        end
    end
    if $argc == 2
        set $idx = $arg1
        if $idx< 0 || $idx >$size_max
            printf "idx1, idx2 are not in acceptable range: [0..%u].\n", $size_max
        else
            printf "elem[%u]: ", $idx
            p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $idx)
        end
    end
    if $argc == 3
      set $start_idx = $arg1
      set $stop_idx = $arg2
      if $start_idx >$stop_idx
        set $tmp_idx = $start_idx
        set $start_idx = $stop_idx
        set $stop_idx = $tmp_idx
      end
      if $start_idx< 0 || $stop_idx< 0 || $start_idx >$size_max || $stop_idx >$size_max
        printf "idx1, idx2 are not in acceptable range: [0..%u].\n", $size_max
      else
        set $i = $start_idx
        while $i<= $stop_idx
            printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
            p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $i)
            set $i++
        end
      end
    end
    if $argc >0
        printf "Vector size = %u\n", $size
        printf "Vector capacity = %u\n", $capacity
        printf "Element "
        whatis $arg0._M_impl._M_start
    end
end

document pvector
    Prints std::vectorinformation.
    Syntax: pvectorNote: idx, idx1 and idx2 must be in acceptable range [0...size()-1].
    Examples:
    pvector v - Prints vector content, size, capacity and T typedef
    pvector v 0 - Prints element[idx] from vector
    pvector v 1 2 - Prints elements in range [idx1..idx2] from vector
end 

#
# std::list<>#

define plist
    if $argc == 0
        help plist
    else
        set $head = &$arg0._M_impl._M_node
        set $current = $arg0._M_impl._M_node._M_next
        set $size = 0
        while $current != $head
            if $argc == 2
                printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
                p *($arg1*)($current + 1)
            end
            if $argc == 3
                if $size == $arg2
                    printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
                    p *($arg1*)($current + 1)
                end
            end
            set $current = $current._M_next
            set $size++
        end
        printf "List size = %u \n", $size
        if $argc == 1
            printf "List "
            whatis $arg0
            printf "Use plistto see the elements in the list.\n"
        end
    end
end

document plist
    Prints std::listinformation.
    Syntax: plist: Prints list size, if T defined all elements or just element at idx
    Examples:
    plist l - prints list size and definition
    plist l int - prints all elements and list size
    plist l int 2 - prints the third element in the list (if exists) and list size
end

define plist_member
    if $argc == 0
        help plist_member
    else
        set $head = &$arg0._M_impl._M_node
        set $current = $arg0._M_impl._M_node._M_next
        set $size = 0
        while $current != $head
            if $argc == 3
                printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
                p (*($arg1*)($current + 1)).$arg2
            end
            if $argc == 4
                if $size == $arg3
                    printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
                    p (*($arg1*)($current + 1)).$arg2
                end
            end
            set $current = $current._M_next
            set $size++
        end
        printf "List size = %u \n", $size
        if $argc == 1
            printf "List "
            whatis $arg0
            printf "Use plist_memberto see the elements in the list.\n"
        end
    end
end

document plist_member
    Prints std::listinformation.
    Syntax: plist: Prints list size, if T defined all elements or just element at idx
    Examples:
    plist_member l int member - prints all elements and list size
    plist_member l int member 2 - prints the third element in the list (if exists) and list size
end


#
# std::map and std::multimap
#

define pmap
    if $argc == 0
        help pmap
    else
        set $tree = $arg0
        set $i = 0
        set $node = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header._M_left
        set $end = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header
        set $tree_size = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_node_count
        if $argc == 1
            printf "Map "
            whatis $tree
            printf "Use pmapto see the elements in the map.\n"
        end
        if $argc == 3
            while $i< $tree_size
                set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
                printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
                p *($arg1*)$value
                set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
                printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
                p *($arg2*)$value
                if $node._M_right != 0
                    set $node = $node._M_right
                    while $node._M_left != 0
                        set $node = $node._M_left
                    end
                else
                    set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
                    while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                        set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
                    end
                    if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                    end
                end
                set $i++
            end
        end
        if $argc == 4
            set $idx = $arg3
            set $ElementsFound = 0
            while $i< $tree_size
                set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
                if *($arg1*)$value == $idx
                    printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
                    p *($arg1*)$value
                    set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
                    printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
                    p *($arg2*)$value
                    set $ElementsFound++
                end
                if $node._M_right != 0
                    set $node = $node._M_right
                    while $node._M_left != 0
                        set $node = $node._M_left
                    end
                else
                    set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
                    while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                        set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
                    end
                    if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                    end
                end
                set $i++
            end
            printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
        end
        if $argc == 5
            set $idx1 = $arg3
            set $idx2 = $arg4
            set $ElementsFound = 0
            while $i< $tree_size
                set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
                set $valueLeft = *($arg1*)$value
                set $valueRight = *($arg2*)($value + sizeof($arg1))
                if $valueLeft == $idx1 && $valueRight == $idx2
                    printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
                    p $valueLeft
                    printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
                    p $valueRight
                    set $ElementsFound++
                end
                if $node._M_right != 0
                    set $node = $node._M_right
                    while $node._M_left != 0
                        set $node = $node._M_left
                    end
                else
                    set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
                    while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                        set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
                    end
                    if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
                        set $node = $tmp_node
                    end
                end
                set $i++
            end
            printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
        end
        printf "Map size = %u\n", $tree_size
    end
end

document pmap
    Prints std::mapor std::multimapinformation. Works for std::multimap as well.
    Syntax: pmap

2. 在启动gdb时，输入source [脚本所在位置]/stl_views_1.0.3.gdb来启用这个工具

我将文件放在了~/目录下，启动gdb后，输入以下内容：

source ~/stl_views_1.0.3.gdb

如果不想每次启动gdb都要手动输入source ~/stl_views_1.0.3.gdb读取脚本，可以将上面stl_views_1.0.3.gdb的内容直接拷贝到.gdbinit文件中，具体操作可以看后面的第二大点

3. 例如，有一个std::vector类型的data，通过以下命令可以打印出vector的内容

pvector data

同样的，可以通过pmap，pset，plist…等等来打印STL容器的内容，方便调试。

2 .gdbinit文件

gdb在启动的时候，会在你的当前工作目录下查找 “.gdbinit” 这个文件，并把它的内容作为gdb命令进行解释

1. 在/home/xxx下添加一个.gdbinit， gdb每次启动时，它都会执行这个文件中的命令来进行初始化。
2. 下面有一个我认为比较好用的gdb，可以直接拷贝到用户目录下的./gdbinit文件中对gdb进行配置

# 保存历史命令
#set history filename ./.gdb_history
#set history save on
  
# 记录执行gdb的过程
#set logging file ./.log.txt
#set logging on
 
# 退出时不显示提示信息
#set confirm off
 
# 将地址的颜色改成红色
#set style address foreground red
 
# 打印数组的索引下标
set print array-indexes on
 
# 每行打印一个结构体成员
set print pretty on
 
# 退出并保留断点
define qbp
save breakpoints ./.gdb_bp
quit
end
document qbp
Exit and save the breakpoint
end
 
# 保留历史工作断点
define downbp
save breakpoints ./.gdb_bp
end
document downbp
Save the historical work breakpoint
end
 
# 加载历史工作断点
define loadbp
source ./.gdb_bp
end
document loadbp
Load the historical work breakpoint
end

3. 保存退出后，在该用户下进行gdb调试，就会自动启用.gdbinit文件中的这些配置啦

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