关系型数据库之mysql-proxy实现读写分离-创新互联
简要:
成都创新互联公司2013年成立，先为彭山等服务建站，彭山等地企业，进行企业商务咨询服务。为彭山企业网站制作PC+手机+微官网三网同步一站式服务解决您的所有建站问题。mysql-proxy作为mysql测试项目，可以实现读写分离架构，具有开发能力的公司通过二次开发的方式去完善bug应用在生产环境中，下面我们通过案例使用mysql-proxy实现读写分离。
准备环境:
1.系统环境：Centos6.5
2.数据库版本：10.0.10-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
3.Host:
Master主机: master.samlee.com 172.16.100.7
Slave主机: slave.samlee.com 172.16.100.8
Proxy主机:proxy.samlee.com 172.16.100.9
架构图如下:
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配置mysql-proxy服务器:
(1)安装部署mysql-proxy
# wget # tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ # cd /usr/local/ # ln -sv mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit mysql-proxy(2)创建代理用户以及修改程序目录权限
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql-proxy # chown -R mysql-proxy.mysql-proxy /usr/local/mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit/(3)为mysql-proxy提供SysV服务脚本，内容如下所示：
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy #!/bin/bash # # mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon # # chkconfig: - 78 30 # processname: mysql-proxy # description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy" # Source networking configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 # Set default mysql-proxy configuration. ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWD="admin" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon" PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" # Source mysql-proxy configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy fi RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD" RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy rm -f $PROXY_PID fi } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; status) status -p $PROXY_PID $prog ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}" RETVAL=1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL --授予执行权限，加入服务列表自启动 # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy # chkconfig --add mysql-proxy(4)为服务脚本提供配置文件/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy，内容如下所示：
# vim /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy # Options for mysql-proxy ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin" ADMIN_ADDRESS="" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_ADDRESS="" PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=172.16.100.7:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.16.100.8:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua" 最后一行运行选项，可以根据需要修改。 --proxy-backend-addresses= --proxy--read-only-backend-addresses= 可以指定多次，从而指定多台服务器。 其他常用选项如下 mysql-proxy的配置选项大致可分为帮助选项、管理选项、代理选项及应用程序选项几类，下面一起去介绍它们。 --help --help-admin --help-proxy --help-all ———— 以上四个选项均用于获取帮助信息； --proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服务监听的地址和端口； --admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模块监听的地址和端口； --proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端mysql服务器的地址和端口； --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端只读mysql服务器的地址和端口； --proxy-lua-script=file_name ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua脚本； --daemon ———— 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy； --keepalive ———— 在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之； --log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日志文件名称； --log-level=level ———— 日志级别； --log-use-syslog ———— 基于syslog记录日志； --plugins=plugin,.. ———— 在mysql-proxy启动时加载的插件； --user=user_name ———— 运行mysql-proxy进程的用户； --defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默认使用的配置文件路径；其配置段使用[mysql-proxy]标识； --proxy-skip-profiling ———— 禁用profile； --pid-file=/path/to/pid_file_name ———— 进程文件名；(5)复制如下内容建立admin.lua文件，将其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/目录中。
# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua --[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$ Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]] function set_error(errmsg) proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR, errmsg = errmsg or "error" } end function read_query(packet) if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end local query = packet:sub(2) local rows = { } local fields = { } if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then fields = { { name = "backend_ndx", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, { name = "address", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "state", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "type", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "uuid", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "connected_clients", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, } for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do local states = { "unknown", "up", "down" } local types = { "unknown", "rw", "ro" } local b = proxy.global.backends[i] rows[#rows + 1] = { i, b.dst.name, -- configured backend address states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients } end elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then fields = { { name = "command", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "description", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" } else set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK, resultset = { fields = fields, rows = rows } } return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end --授予执行权限 # chown mysql-proxy.mysql-proxy /usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua # chmod +x /usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua(6)启动mysql-proxy代理服务
# service mysql-proxy start # ss -tnl LISTEN 0 128 *:4041 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*(7)配置Master与Slave主机为主从复制模式
Master配置: # mkdir -pv /mydata/binlogs # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/binlogs/ # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf server-id = 1 log-bin=/mydata/binlogs/master-bin Slave配置: # mkdir -pv /mydata/relaylogs # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/relaylogs # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf server-id = 2 relay-log=/mydata/relaylogs/relay-bin(8)在Master主机上创建拥有权限的用户
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass'; MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;(9)连接Master服务器
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.100.7',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass'; MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;(10)创建远程连接用户
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'admin'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin'; MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;(11)管理功能测试
--代理服务器上操作 # mysql -uadmin -padmin -h272.16.100.9 --port=4041 mysql> SELECT * FROM backends; +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients | +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | 1 | 172.16.100.7:3306 | unknown | rw | NULL | 0 | | 2 | 172.16.100.8:3306 | unknown | ro | NULL | 0 | +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+(12)通过代理服务器连接服务器及读写测试
注意： 实验环境中 172.16.100.7 为主服务器 172.16.100.8 为从服务器 172.16.100.9 为代理服务器 --通过代理服务器连接服务器 # mysql -h272.16.100.9 -uadmin -padmin mysql> CREATE DATABASE samleedb; --在主服务器和从服务器上使用下面命令进行监控 --Master进行写入操作的时候状态 # tcpdump -i any -nn -XX -A -p port 3306 and src 172.16.100.9 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes 17:05:54.617412 IP 172.16.100.9.40783 > 172.16.100.7.3306: Flags [P.], seq 2523263157:2523263186, ack 2431684210, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 12587304 ecr 11832810], length 29 0x0000: 0000 0001 0006 000c 29d4 3452 0000 0800 ........).4R.... 0x0010: 4508 0051 6cf2 4000 4006 ad7b ac10 6409 E..Ql.@.@..{..d. 0x0020: ac10 6407 9f4f 0cea 9665 f0b5 90f0 8e72 ..d..O...e.....r 0x0030: 8018 01c9 88ae 0000 0101 080a 00c0 1128 ...............( 0x0040: 00b4 8dea 1900 0000 0343 5245 4154 4520 .........CREATE. 0x0050: 4441 5441 4241 5345 2073 616d 6c65 6564 DATABASE.samleed 0x0060: 62 b --在代理服务器管理: mysql> SELECT * FROM backends; +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients | +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | 1 | 172.16.100.7:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 | | 2 | 172.16.100.8:3306 | unknown | ro | NULL | 0 | +-------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+(13)使用循环脚本验证请求发往的方向
向mysql-proxy执行读请求 # for i in {1..10}; do mysql -h272.16.100.9 -uadmin -padmin -e 'select * from hellodb.classes limit 1';done 在主服务器和从服务器上使用下面命令进行监控。 # tcpdump -i any -nn -XX -A -p port 3306 and src 172.16.100.9 可以发现当读请求量增大时，两边主机都可以看见读报文被截获。 向mysql-proxy执行写请求 MariaDB [hellodb]> source /tmp/hellodb.sql 只有在master端可以看到截获报文 通过上面测试后，可以看到两个服务器状态都是up mysql> SELECT * FROM backends; +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients | +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+ | 1 | 172.16.100.7:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 | | 2 | 172.16.100.8:3306 | up | ro | NULL | 0 | +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+以上通过mysql-proxy实现读写分离全部过程。
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